New protocol can reduce breeding cycle of pigeonpea by 3-5 years, important for nutritional security in drylands

• A new fast-breeding protocol is likely to make it easier for scientists to develop better quality varieties of the crop at a faster rate

Pigeon pea

• Pigeon pea, known as arhar and tur in India, stands out as a significant legume crop and a protein-rich dietary staple commonly consumed as dal.
• Cultivated predominantly in semi-arid regions of India, it thrives in tropical climates and exhibits specific requirements for rainfall, temperature, and soil conditions.
• In terms of climatic conditions, pigeon pea necessitates an annual rainfall of 600-650 mm
  • Coupled with moist conditions during the initial eight weeks and dry conditions during flowering and pod development.
• Temperature-wise, it can thrive within a range of 26°C to 30°C during the rainy season and 17°C to 22°C in the post-rainy season (November to March).
• While adaptable to various soil types, sandy loam or loam soil is deemed most suitable for cultivation.
• Pigeon pea is notably sensitive to low radiation during pod development, resulting in suboptimal pod formation during monsoons and cloudy weather.
• Frequently intercropped with a variety of crops, it is estimated that 80-90% of pigeon pea cultivation in India involves intercropping.
• Despite its agricultural significance, pigeon pea faces challenges such as diseases like Wilt, Sterility Mosaic Disease, Phytophthora Blight, Alternaria Blight, and Powdery Mildew.
• Notably, its extended growth cycle and sensitivity to day length have hampered breeding efforts, leading to the release of only about 250 varieties globally over six decades.
• On a positive note, pigeon pea offers numerous health benefits, boasting a low glycemic index
• Being rich in thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin A, calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, and phosphorus.
• Key pigeon pea-producing states in India include Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, and Jharkhand.

PrelimS Takeaway

• Yellow revolution
• Pigeon pea