China’s Chang’e 5 finds first on-site evidence of water on moon’s surface

Contact Counsellor

Last Updated11/01/2022

China’s Chang’e-5 lunar lander has found the first-ever on-site evidence of water on the surface of the moon, lending new evidence to the dryness of the satellite.
The study revealed that the lunar soil at the landing site contains less than 120 ppm water or 120 grams water per ton, and a light, vesicular rock carries 180 ppm, which are much drier than that on Earth.

Chang'e-5 probe : named after the Chinese Moon goddess.
It is the Chinese National Space Administration's (CNSA) lunar sample return mission.
The goal of the mission is to land in the Mons Rumker region of the moon.
Where it will operate for one lunar day, which is two weeks long and return a 2 kg sample of the lunar rock possibly by digging about 2 metres deep into the surface of the Moon.

China's Chang'e-5 lunar mission was the first probe in over four decades to bring back samples of lunar rock from a previously unexplored portion of the Moon.
Early in 2019, China's Chang'e-4 probe successfully transmitted images from the far side of the Moon, also referred to as the dark side.
This was the first probe to land in this portion of the Moon.

The presence of water had been confirmed by remote observation but the lander has now detected signs of water in rocks and soil.
A device on-board the lunar lander measured the spectral reflectance of the regolith and the rock and detected water on the spot for the first time.
The water content can be estimated since the water molecule or hydroxyl absorbs at a frequency of about three micrometers.
It was the solar wind that contributed to the most humidity of lunar soil as it brought hydrogen that makes up the water, the researchers said.
The additional 60 ppm water in the rock may originate from the lunar interior, according to the researchers.
The rock is estimated to hail from an older, more humid basaltic unit before being ejected onto the landing site to be picked up by the lunar lander.

The study revealed that the moon had turned drier within a certain period, owing probably to the degassing of its mantle reservoir.
The Chang’e-5 spacecraft landed on one of the youngest mare basalts located at a mid-high latitude on the moon.
It measured water on the spot and retrieved samples weighing 1,731 grams.
The returned samples are a mixture of granules both on the surface and beneath.
An in-situ probe can measure the outermost layer of the lunar surface.
The results are consistent with a preliminary analysis of the returned Chang’e-5 samples, according to the study.

The findings provide more clues to China’s Chang’e-6 and Chang’e-7 missions.
The investigations of lunar water reserves come into light when the building of manned lunar stations are in the pipeline in the next decades.